useDroppableCollection

Handles drop interactions for a collection component, with support for traditional mouse and touch based drag and drop, in addition to full parity for keyboard and screen reader users.

API#

Introduction#

Collection components built with hooks such as useListBox, useTable, and useGridList can support drag and drop interactions. Users can drop data on the collection as a whole, on individual items, insert new items between existing ones, or reorder items.

React Aria supports traditional mouse and touch based drag and drop, but also implements keyboard and screen reader friendly interactions. Users can press Enter on a draggable element to enter drag and drop mode. Then, they can press Tab to navigate between drop targets. A droppable collection is treated as a single drop target, so that users can easily tab past it to get to the next drop target. Within a droppable collection, keys such as ArrowDown and ArrowUp can be used to select a drop position, such as on an item, or between items. These are represented using DropTarget objects.

The keyboard interactions used within a collection may differ depending on the type or layout. For example, in a grid the ArrowLeft and ArrowRight may also be used, whereas they may not within a list. In general, the keyboard interactions used during drag and drop match those used when navigating the collection normally.

See the drag and drop introduction to learn more.

Implementation#

The useDroppableCollection hook implements drop interactions within any collection component, using state managed by useDroppableCollectionState. The props it returns should be combined with those from the collection component you're using, such as useListBox. The useDroppableItem hook should be added to each individual item within the collection, combining props from the relevant hook (e.g. useOption).

To support dropping between items, the useDropIndicator hook can be used to add additional elements between each item, for example, rendering a line when a user drags between two items. These elements must be implemented according to the relevant ARIA pattern. For example, within a listbox, drop indicators must be implemented using role="option", and within a grid, they must use role="row" and role="gridcell" to ensure the accessibility tree is valid.

Interactions like keyboard navigation, and drop target positioning may differ depending on the component and layout of items. These are implemented using the KeyboardDelegate and DropTargetDelegate interfaces, provided to useDroppableCollection. In most cases, you can use a default implementation provided by React Aria such as ListKeyboardDelegate and ListDropTargetDelegate, but you may also provide your own if you need to customize the behavior.

Dropping on items#

This example renders a ListBox using the useListBox hook, and adds support for dropping data onto items. The highlighted code sections below show the main additions for drag and drop compared with a normal listbox.

import {Item, useDroppableCollectionState, useListState} from 'react-stately';

import {ListDropTargetDelegate, ListKeyboardDelegate, mergeProps, useDroppableCollection, useDroppableItem, useFocusRing, useListBox, useOption} from 'react-aria';

function ListBox(props) {
  // Setup listbox as normal. See the useListBox docs for more details.
  let state = useListState(props);
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { listBoxProps } = useListBox(props, state, ref);

  // Setup react-stately and react-aria hooks for drag and drop.
  let dropState = useDroppableCollectionState({
    ...props,
    // Collection and selection manager come from list state.
    collection: state.collection,
    selectionManager: state.selectionManager
  });

  let { collectionProps } = useDroppableCollection(
    {
      ...props,
      // Provide drop targets for keyboard and pointer-based drag and drop.
      keyboardDelegate: new ListKeyboardDelegate(
        state.collection,
        state.disabledKeys,
        ref
      ),
      dropTargetDelegate: new ListDropTargetDelegate(state.collection, ref)
    },
    dropState,
    ref
  );
  // Merge listbox props and dnd props, and render the items as normal.
  return (
    <ul {...mergeProps(listBoxProps, collectionProps)} ref={ref}>      {[...state.collection].map((item) => (
        <Option
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

function Option({ item, state, dropState }) {
  // Setup listbox option as normal. See useListBox docs for details.
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { optionProps } = useOption({ key: item.key }, state, ref);
  let { isFocusVisible, focusProps } = useFocusRing();

  // Register the item as a drop target.
  let { dropProps, isDropTarget } = useDroppableItem(
    {
      target: { type: 'item', key: item.key, dropPosition: 'on' }
    },
    dropState,
    ref
  );
  // Merge option props and dnd props, and render the item.
  return (
    <li
      {...mergeProps(optionProps, dropProps, focusProps)}      ref={ref}
      // Apply a class when the item is the active drop target.
      className={`option ${isFocusVisible ? 'focus-visible' : ''} ${
        isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''
      }`}    >
      {item.rendered}
    </li>
  );
}

<Draggable>Octopus</Draggable>
<ListBox
  aria-label="Categories"
  selectionMode="single"
  onItemDrop={(e) => alert(`Dropped on ${e.target.key}`)}
>
  <Item key="animals">Animals</Item>
  <Item key="people">People</Item>
  <Item key="plants">Plants</Item>
</ListBox>

import {
  Item,
  useDroppableCollectionState,
  useListState
} from 'react-stately';

import {
  ListDropTargetDelegate,
  ListKeyboardDelegate,
  mergeProps,
  useDroppableCollection,
  useDroppableItem,
  useFocusRing,
  useListBox,
  useOption
} from 'react-aria';

function ListBox(props) {
  // Setup listbox as normal. See the useListBox docs for more details.
  let state = useListState(props);
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { listBoxProps } = useListBox(props, state, ref);

  // Setup react-stately and react-aria hooks for drag and drop.
  let dropState = useDroppableCollectionState({
    ...props,
    // Collection and selection manager come from list state.
    collection: state.collection,
    selectionManager: state.selectionManager
  });

  let { collectionProps } = useDroppableCollection(
    {
      ...props,
      // Provide drop targets for keyboard and pointer-based drag and drop.
      keyboardDelegate: new ListKeyboardDelegate(
        state.collection,
        state.disabledKeys,
        ref
      ),
      dropTargetDelegate: new ListDropTargetDelegate(
        state.collection,
        ref
      )
    },
    dropState,
    ref
  );
  // Merge listbox props and dnd props, and render the items as normal.
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(listBoxProps, collectionProps)}
      ref={ref}
    >      {[...state.collection].map((item) => (
        <Option
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

function Option({ item, state, dropState }) {
  // Setup listbox option as normal. See useListBox docs for details.
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { optionProps } = useOption(
    { key: item.key },
    state,
    ref
  );
  let { isFocusVisible, focusProps } = useFocusRing();

  // Register the item as a drop target.
  let { dropProps, isDropTarget } = useDroppableItem(
    {
      target: {
        type: 'item',
        key: item.key,
        dropPosition: 'on'
      }
    },
    dropState,
    ref
  );
  // Merge option props and dnd props, and render the item.
  return (
    <li
      {...mergeProps(optionProps, dropProps, focusProps)}      ref={ref}
      // Apply a class when the item is the active drop target.
      className={`option ${
        isFocusVisible ? 'focus-visible' : ''
      } ${isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''}`}    >
      {item.rendered}
    </li>
  );
}

<Draggable>Octopus</Draggable>
<ListBox
  aria-label="Categories"
  selectionMode="single"
  onItemDrop={(e) => alert(`Dropped on ${e.target.key}`)}
>
  <Item key="animals">Animals</Item>
  <Item key="people">People</Item>
  <Item key="plants">Plants</Item>
</ListBox>

import {
  Item,
  useDroppableCollectionState,
  useListState
} from 'react-stately';

import {
  ListDropTargetDelegate,
  ListKeyboardDelegate,
  mergeProps,
  useDroppableCollection,
  useDroppableItem,
  useFocusRing,
  useListBox,
  useOption
} from 'react-aria';

function ListBox(props) {
  // Setup listbox as normal. See the useListBox docs for more details.
  let state =
    useListState(props);
  let ref = React.useRef(
    null
  );
  let { listBoxProps } =
    useListBox(
      props,
      state,
      ref
    );

  // Setup react-stately and react-aria hooks for drag and drop.
  let dropState =
    useDroppableCollectionState(
      {
        ...props,
        // Collection and selection manager come from list state.
        collection:
          state
            .collection,
        selectionManager:
          state
            .selectionManager
      }
    );

  let {
    collectionProps
  } =
    useDroppableCollection(
      {
        ...props,
        // Provide drop targets for keyboard and pointer-based drag and drop.
        keyboardDelegate:
          new ListKeyboardDelegate(
            state
              .collection,
            state
              .disabledKeys,
            ref
          ),
        dropTargetDelegate:
          new ListDropTargetDelegate(
            state
              .collection,
            ref
          )
      },
      dropState,
      ref
    );
  // Merge listbox props and dnd props, and render the items as normal.
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(
        listBoxProps,
        collectionProps
      )}
      ref={ref}
    >      {[
        ...state
          .collection
      ].map((item) => (
        <Option
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

function Option(
  {
    item,
    state,
    dropState
  }
) {
  // Setup listbox option as normal. See useListBox docs for details.
  let ref = React.useRef(
    null
  );
  let { optionProps } =
    useOption(
      { key: item.key },
      state,
      ref
    );
  let {
    isFocusVisible,
    focusProps
  } = useFocusRing();

  // Register the item as a drop target.
  let {
    dropProps,
    isDropTarget
  } = useDroppableItem(
    {
      target: {
        type: 'item',
        key: item.key,
        dropPosition:
          'on'
      }
    },
    dropState,
    ref
  );
  // Merge option props and dnd props, and render the item.
  return (
    <li
      {...mergeProps(
        optionProps,
        dropProps,
        focusProps
      )}      ref={ref}
      // Apply a class when the item is the active drop target.
      className={`option ${
        isFocusVisible
          ? 'focus-visible'
          : ''
      } ${
        isDropTarget
          ? 'drop-target'
          : ''
      }`}    >
      {item.rendered}
    </li>
  );
}

<Draggable>
  Octopus
</Draggable>
<ListBox
  aria-label="Categories"
  selectionMode="single"
  onItemDrop={(e) =>
    alert(
      `Dropped on ${e.target.key}`
    )}
>
  <Item key="animals">
    Animals
  </Item>
  <Item key="people">
    People
  </Item>
  <Item key="plants">
    Plants
  </Item>
</ListBox>

[role=listbox] {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 5px 0;
  list-style: none;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px gray;
  max-width: 250px;
  outline: none;
  min-height: 50px;
  overflow: auto;
}

[role=listbox]:empty {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px dashed gray;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.option {
  padding: 3px 6px;
  outline: none;
}

.option[aria-selected=true] {
  background: blueviolet;
  color: white;
}

.option.focus-visible {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px orange;
}

.option.drop-target {
  border-color: transparent;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--blue);
}

[role=listbox] {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 5px 0;
  list-style: none;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px gray;
  max-width: 250px;
  outline: none;
  min-height: 50px;
  overflow: auto;
}

[role=listbox]:empty {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px dashed gray;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.option {
  padding: 3px 6px;
  outline: none;
}

.option[aria-selected=true] {
  background: blueviolet;
  color: white;
}

.option.focus-visible {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px orange;
}

.option.drop-target {
  border-color: transparent;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--blue);
}

[role=listbox] {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 5px 0;
  list-style: none;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px gray;
  max-width: 250px;
  outline: none;
  min-height: 50px;
  overflow: auto;
}

[role=listbox]:empty {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border: 1px dashed gray;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.option {
  padding: 3px 6px;
  outline: none;
}

.option[aria-selected=true] {
  background: blueviolet;
  color: white;
}

.option.focus-visible {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px orange;
}

.option.drop-target {
  border-color: transparent;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--blue);
}

Draggable#

The Draggable component used above is defined below. See useDrag for more details and documentation.

import {mergeProps, useButton, useDrag} from 'react-aria';

function Draggable({ children }) {
  let { dragProps, dragButtonProps, isDragging } = useDrag({
    getAllowedDropOperations: () => ['copy'],
    getItems() {
      return [{
        'text/plain': children,
        'my-app-custom-type': JSON.stringify({ message: children })
      }];
    }
  });

  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { buttonProps } = useButton(
    { ...dragButtonProps, elementType: 'div' },
    ref
  );

  return (
    <div
      {...mergeProps(dragProps, buttonProps)}
      ref={ref}
      className={`draggable ${isDragging ? 'dragging' : ''}`}
    >
      <span aria-hidden="true">≡</span> {children}
    </div>
  );
}

import {mergeProps, useButton, useDrag} from 'react-aria';

function Draggable({ children }) {
  let { dragProps, dragButtonProps, isDragging } = useDrag({
    getAllowedDropOperations: () => ['copy'],
    getItems() {
      return [{
        'text/plain': children,
        'my-app-custom-type': JSON.stringify({
          message: children
        })
      }];
    }
  });

  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { buttonProps } = useButton({
    ...dragButtonProps,
    elementType: 'div'
  }, ref);

  return (
    <div
      {...mergeProps(dragProps, buttonProps)}
      ref={ref}
      className={`draggable ${
        isDragging ? 'dragging' : ''
      }`}
    >
      <span aria-hidden="true">≡</span> {children}
    </div>
  );
}

import {
  mergeProps,
  useButton,
  useDrag
} from 'react-aria';

function Draggable(
  { children }
) {
  let {
    dragProps,
    dragButtonProps,
    isDragging
  } = useDrag({
    getAllowedDropOperations:
      () => ['copy'],
    getItems() {
      return [{
        'text/plain':
          children,
        'my-app-custom-type':
          JSON.stringify(
            {
              message:
                children
            }
          )
      }];
    }
  });

  let ref = React.useRef(
    null
  );
  let { buttonProps } =
    useButton({
      ...dragButtonProps,
      elementType: 'div'
    }, ref);

  return (
    <div
      {...mergeProps(
        dragProps,
        buttonProps
      )}
      ref={ref}
      className={`draggable ${
        isDragging
          ? 'dragging'
          : ''
      }`}
    >
      <span aria-hidden="true">
        ≡
      </span>{' '}
      {children}
    </div>
  );
}

.draggable {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  border: 1px solid gray;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  margin-right: 20px;
}

.draggable.dragging {
  opacity: 0.5;
}

.draggable {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  border: 1px solid gray;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  margin-right: 20px;
}

.draggable.dragging {
  opacity: 0.5;
}

.draggable {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  border: 1px solid gray;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  margin-right: 20px;
}

.draggable.dragging {
  opacity: 0.5;
}

Dropping between items#

To add support for dropping between items, first implement the DropIndicator component using the useDropIndicator hook. This will render a line between items indicating the insertion position. Within a listbox, these must have role=option, and since our listbox is rendered as a <ul>, they must also be <li> elements to ensure the accessibility and HTML semantics are correct.

useDropIndicator returns isHidden when the drop indicator is not needed (e.g. if there is no drag session in progress), in which case we can return null to prevent any extra elements from being rendered to the DOM. When isDropTarget is true, the drop indicator is active and should be visible. Note that for accessibility, an element must always be rendered while a drag session is in progress, even when the drop indicator is not currently active, so that screen readers can navigate to it.

import {useDropIndicator} from 'react-aria';

function DropIndicator(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { dropIndicatorProps, isHidden, isDropTarget } = useDropIndicator(
    props,
    props.dropState,
    ref
  );
  if (isHidden) {
    return null;
  }

  return (
    <li
      {...dropIndicatorProps}
      role="option"
      ref={ref}
      className={`drop-indicator ${isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''}`}
    />
  );
}

import {useDropIndicator} from 'react-aria';

function DropIndicator(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { dropIndicatorProps, isHidden, isDropTarget } =
    useDropIndicator(props, props.dropState, ref);
  if (isHidden) {
    return null;
  }

  return (
    <li
      {...dropIndicatorProps}
      role="option"
      ref={ref}
      className={`drop-indicator ${
        isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''
      }`}
    />
  );
}

import {useDropIndicator} from 'react-aria';

function DropIndicator(
  props
) {
  let ref = React.useRef(
    null
  );
  let {
    dropIndicatorProps,
    isHidden,
    isDropTarget
  } = useDropIndicator(
    props,
    props.dropState,
    ref
  );
  if (isHidden) {
    return null;
  }

  return (
    <li
      {...dropIndicatorProps}
      role="option"
      ref={ref}
      className={`drop-indicator ${
        isDropTarget
          ? 'drop-target'
          : ''
      }`}
    />
  );
}

Now that the DropIndicator component is implemented, we can render an instance between each item in the list. This uses the before drop position by default, except for after the last item in the list.

function Option({ item, state, dropState }) {
  // ...

  return (
    <>
      <DropIndicator
        target={{ type: 'item', key: item.key, dropPosition: 'before' }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />      <li
        {...mergeProps(optionProps, dropProps, focusProps)}
        ref={ref}
        className={`option ${isFocusVisible ? 'focus-visible' : ''} ${
          isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''
        }`}
      >
        {item.rendered}
      </li>
      {state.collection.getKeyAfter(item.key) == null &&
        (
          <DropIndicator
            target={{ type: 'item', key: item.key, dropPosition: 'after' }}
            dropState={dropState}
          />
        )}    </>
  );
}

function Option({ item, state, dropState }) {
  // ...

  return (
    <>
      <DropIndicator
        target={{
          type: 'item',
          key: item.key,
          dropPosition: 'before'
        }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />      <li
        {...mergeProps(optionProps, dropProps, focusProps)}
        ref={ref}
        className={`option ${
          isFocusVisible ? 'focus-visible' : ''
        } ${isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''}`}
      >
        {item.rendered}
      </li>
      {state.collection.getKeyAfter(item.key) == null &&
        (
          <DropIndicator
            target={{
              type: 'item',
              key: item.key,
              dropPosition: 'after'
            }}
            dropState={dropState}
          />
        )}    </>
  );
}

function Option(
  {
    item,
    state,
    dropState
  }
) {
  // ...

  return (
    <>
      <DropIndicator
        target={{
          type: 'item',
          key: item.key,
          dropPosition:
            'before'
        }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />      <li
        {...mergeProps(
          optionProps,
          dropProps,
          focusProps
        )}
        ref={ref}
        className={`option ${
          isFocusVisible
            ? 'focus-visible'
            : ''
        } ${
          isDropTarget
            ? 'drop-target'
            : ''
        }`}
      >
        {item.rendered}
      </li>
      {state.collection
            .getKeyAfter(
              item.key
            ) == null &&
        (
          <DropIndicator
            target={{
              type:
                'item',
              key:
                item.key,
              dropPosition:
                'after'
            }}
            dropState={dropState}
          />
        )}    </>
  );
}

Now, we can render an example ListBox, which inserts a new item on drop. This uses the useListData hook to manage the list of items, which is updated in the onInsert event. Note that useListData is a convenience hook, not a requirement. You can manage your state however you wish.

import {useListData} from 'react-stately';

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({
    initialItems: [
      { id: 1, name: 'Cat' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Dog' },
      { id: 3, name: 'Kangaroo' }
    ]
  });

  let onInsert = async (e) => {
    let name = await e.items[0].getText('text/plain');
    let item = { id: list.items.length + 1, name };
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.insertBefore(e.target.key, item);
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.insertAfter(e.target.key, item);
    }
  };

  return (
    <>
      <Draggable>Octopus</Draggable>
      <ListBox
        aria-label="Favorite animals"
        selectionMode="single"
        items={list.items}
        acceptedDragTypes={['text/plain']}
        onInsert={onInsert}      >
        {(item) => <Item>{item.name}</Item>}
      </ListBox>
    </>
  );
}

import {useListData} from 'react-stately';

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({
    initialItems: [
      { id: 1, name: 'Cat' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Dog' },
      { id: 3, name: 'Kangaroo' }
    ]
  });

  let onInsert = async (e) => {
    let name = await e.items[0].getText('text/plain');
    let item = { id: list.items.length + 1, name };
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.insertBefore(e.target.key, item);
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.insertAfter(e.target.key, item);
    }
  };

  return (
    <>
      <Draggable>Octopus</Draggable>
      <ListBox
        aria-label="Favorite animals"
        selectionMode="single"
        items={list.items}
        acceptedDragTypes={['text/plain']}
        onInsert={onInsert}      >
        {(item) => <Item>{item.name}</Item>}
      </ListBox>
    </>
  );
}

import {useListData} from 'react-stately';

function Example() {
  let list = useListData(
    {
      initialItems: [
        {
          id: 1,
          name: 'Cat'
        },
        {
          id: 2,
          name: 'Dog'
        },
        {
          id: 3,
          name:
            'Kangaroo'
        }
      ]
    }
  );

  let onInsert =
    async (e) => {
      let name = await e
        .items[0]
        .getText(
          'text/plain'
        );
      let item = {
        id:
          list.items
            .length + 1,
        name
      };
      if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'before'
      ) {
        list
          .insertBefore(
            e.target.key,
            item
          );
      } else if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'after'
      ) {
        list.insertAfter(
          e.target.key,
          item
        );
      }
    };

  return (
    <>
      <Draggable>
        Octopus
      </Draggable>
      <ListBox
        aria-label="Favorite animals"
        selectionMode="single"
        items={list
          .items}
        acceptedDragTypes={[
          'text/plain'
        ]}
        onInsert={onInsert}      >
        {(item) => (
          <Item>
            {item.name}
          </Item>
        )}
      </ListBox>
    </>
  );
}

.drop-indicator {
  width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  margin-bottom: -2px;
  outline: none;
  background: transparent;
}

.drop-indicator:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.drop-indicator.drop-target {
  background: var(--blue);
}

.drop-indicator {
  width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  margin-bottom: -2px;
  outline: none;
  background: transparent;
}

.drop-indicator:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.drop-indicator.drop-target {
  background: var(--blue);
}

.drop-indicator {
  width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  height: 2px;
  margin-bottom: -2px;
  outline: none;
  background: transparent;
}

.drop-indicator:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.drop-indicator.drop-target {
  background: var(--blue);
}

Dropping on the collection#

To add support for dropping on the collection as a whole, an additional DropIndicator can be rendered at the start of the list, representing the root target. The isDropTarget method of the state object can be used to apply a class to the list when the root target is active.

The onRootDrop event is triggered when the user drops on the collection. This example also accepts drops on the "Documents" item, by implementing onItemDrop as well as shouldAcceptItemDrop to limit which items allow drops.

function ListBox(props) {
  // ...

  let isDropTarget = dropState.isDropTarget({type: 'root'});
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(listBoxProps, collectionProps)}
      ref={ref}
      className={isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''}    >
      <DropIndicator target={{type: 'root'}} dropState={dropState} />      {[...state.collection].map((item) => (
        <Option
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

<Draggable>budget.xls</Draggable>
<ListBox
  aria-label="Files"
  selectionMode="single"
  onRootDrop={() => alert('Dropped on root')}
  onItemDrop={e => alert(`Dropped on ${e.target.key}`)}
  shouldAcceptItemDrop={target => target.key === 'documents'}>
  <Item key="documents">Documents</Item>
  <Item>proposal.doc</Item>
  <Item>presentation.ppt</Item>
</ListBox>

function ListBox(props) {
  // ...

  let isDropTarget = dropState.isDropTarget({
    type: 'root'
  });
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(listBoxProps, collectionProps)}
      ref={ref}
      className={isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''}    >
      <DropIndicator
        target={{ type: 'root' }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />      {[...state.collection].map((item) => (
        <Option
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

<Draggable>budget.xls</Draggable>
<ListBox
  aria-label="Files"
  selectionMode="single"
  onRootDrop={() => alert('Dropped on root')}
  onItemDrop={(e) => alert(`Dropped on ${e.target.key}`)}
  shouldAcceptItemDrop={(target) =>
    target.key === 'documents'}>
  <Item key="documents">Documents</Item>
  <Item>proposal.doc</Item>
  <Item>presentation.ppt</Item>
</ListBox>

function ListBox(props) {
  // ...

  let isDropTarget =
    dropState
      .isDropTarget({
        type: 'root'
      });
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(
        listBoxProps,
        collectionProps
      )}
      ref={ref}
      className={isDropTarget
        ? 'drop-target'
        : ''}    >
      <DropIndicator
        target={{
          type: 'root'
        }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />      {[
        ...state
          .collection
      ].map((item) => (
        <Option
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

<Draggable>
  budget.xls
</Draggable>
<ListBox
  aria-label="Files"
  selectionMode="single"
  onRootDrop={() =>
    alert(
      'Dropped on root'
    )}
  onItemDrop={(e) =>
    alert(
      `Dropped on ${e.target.key}`
    )}
  shouldAcceptItemDrop={(target) =>
    target.key ===
      'documents'}>
  <Item key="documents">
    Documents
  </Item>
  <Item>
    proposal.doc
  </Item>
  <Item>
    presentation.ppt
  </Item>
</ListBox>

[role=listbox].drop-target {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--blue);
}

[role=listbox].drop-target {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--blue);
}

[role=listbox].drop-target {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--blue);
}

Reordering#

Drag and drop can be combined in the same collection component to allow reordering items. This example builds on the dropping between items example above to add support for dragging items as well. This is done using the useDraggableCollection and useDraggableItem hooks. See the docs for more details on these hooks.

import {useDraggableCollection, useDraggableItem} from 'react-aria';
import {useDraggableCollectionState} from 'react-stately';

function ReorderableListBox(props) {
  // See useListBox docs for more details.
  let state = useListState(props);
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { listBoxProps } = useListBox(
    {
      ...props,
      shouldSelectOnPressUp: true    },
    state,
    ref
  );

  let dropState = useDroppableCollectionState({
    ...props,
    collection: state.collection,
    selectionManager: state.selectionManager
  });

  let { collectionProps } = useDroppableCollection(
    {
      ...props,
      keyboardDelegate: new ListKeyboardDelegate(
        state.collection,
        state.disabledKeys,
        ref
      ),
      dropTargetDelegate: new ListDropTargetDelegate(state.collection, ref)
    },
    dropState,
    ref
  );

  // Setup drag state for the collection.
  let dragState = useDraggableCollectionState({
    ...props,
    // Collection and selection manager come from list state.
    collection: state.collection,
    selectionManager: state.selectionManager,
    // Provide data for each dragged item. This function could
    // also be provided by the user of the component.
    getItems: props.getItems || ((keys) => {
      return [...keys].map((key) => {
        let item = state.collection.getItem(key);

        return {
          'text/plain': item.textValue
        };
      });
    })
  });

  useDraggableCollection(props, dragState, ref);
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(listBoxProps, collectionProps)}
      ref={ref}
    >
      {[...state.collection].map((item) => (
        <ReorderableOption
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dragState={dragState}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

function ReorderableOption({ item, state, dragState, dropState }) {
  // ...

  // Register the item as a drag source.
  let { dragProps } = useDraggableItem({
    key: item.key
  }, dragState);
  return (
    <>
      <DropIndicator
        target={{ type: 'item', key: item.key, dropPosition: 'before' }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />
      <li
        ...mergeProps(optionProps, dragProps, dropProps, focusProps)}        ref={ref}
        className={`option ${isFocusVisible ? 'focus-visible' : ''} ${
          isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''
        }`}
      >
        {item.rendered}
      </li>
      {state.collection.getKeyAfter(item.key) == null &&
        (
          <DropIndicator
            target={{ type: 'item', key: item.key, dropPosition: 'after' }}
            dropState={dropState}
          />
        )}
    </>
  );
}

import {
  useDraggableCollection,
  useDraggableItem
} from 'react-aria';
import {useDraggableCollectionState} from 'react-stately';

function ReorderableListBox(props) {
  // See useListBox docs for more details.
  let state = useListState(props);
  let ref = React.useRef(null);
  let { listBoxProps } = useListBox(
    {
      ...props,
      shouldSelectOnPressUp: true    },
    state,
    ref
  );

  let dropState = useDroppableCollectionState({
    ...props,
    collection: state.collection,
    selectionManager: state.selectionManager
  });

  let { collectionProps } = useDroppableCollection(
    {
      ...props,
      keyboardDelegate: new ListKeyboardDelegate(
        state.collection,
        state.disabledKeys,
        ref
      ),
      dropTargetDelegate: new ListDropTargetDelegate(
        state.collection,
        ref
      )
    },
    dropState,
    ref
  );

  // Setup drag state for the collection.
  let dragState = useDraggableCollectionState({
    ...props,
    // Collection and selection manager come from list state.
    collection: state.collection,
    selectionManager: state.selectionManager,
    // Provide data for each dragged item. This function could
    // also be provided by the user of the component.
    getItems: props.getItems || ((keys) => {
      return [...keys].map((key) => {
        let item = state.collection.getItem(key);

        return {
          'text/plain': item.textValue
        };
      });
    })
  });

  useDraggableCollection(props, dragState, ref);
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(listBoxProps, collectionProps)}
      ref={ref}
    >
      {[...state.collection].map((item) => (
        <ReorderableOption
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dragState={dragState}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

function ReorderableOption(
  { item, state, dragState, dropState }
) {
  // ...

  // Register the item as a drag source.
  let { dragProps } = useDraggableItem({
    key: item.key
  }, dragState);
  return (
    <>
      <DropIndicator
        target={{
          type: 'item',
          key: item.key,
          dropPosition: 'before'
        }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />
      <li
        ...mergeProps(
          optionProps,
          dragProps,
          dropProps,
          focusProps
        )}        ref={ref}
        className={`option ${
          isFocusVisible ? 'focus-visible' : ''
        } ${isDropTarget ? 'drop-target' : ''}`}
      >
        {item.rendered}
      </li>
      {state.collection.getKeyAfter(item.key) == null &&
        (
          <DropIndicator
            target={{
              type: 'item',
              key: item.key,
              dropPosition: 'after'
            }}
            dropState={dropState}
          />
        )}
    </>
  );
}

import {
  useDraggableCollection,
  useDraggableItem
} from 'react-aria';
import {useDraggableCollectionState} from 'react-stately';

function ReorderableListBox(
  props
) {
  // See useListBox docs for more details.
  let state =
    useListState(props);
  let ref = React.useRef(
    null
  );
  let { listBoxProps } =
    useListBox(
      {
        ...props,
        shouldSelectOnPressUp:
          true      },
      state,
      ref
    );

  let dropState =
    useDroppableCollectionState(
      {
        ...props,
        collection:
          state
            .collection,
        selectionManager:
          state
            .selectionManager
      }
    );

  let {
    collectionProps
  } =
    useDroppableCollection(
      {
        ...props,
        keyboardDelegate:
          new ListKeyboardDelegate(
            state
              .collection,
            state
              .disabledKeys,
            ref
          ),
        dropTargetDelegate:
          new ListDropTargetDelegate(
            state
              .collection,
            ref
          )
      },
      dropState,
      ref
    );

  // Setup drag state for the collection.
  let dragState =
    useDraggableCollectionState(
      {
        ...props,
        // Collection and selection manager come from list state.
        collection:
          state
            .collection,
        selectionManager:
          state
            .selectionManager,
        // Provide data for each dragged item. This function could
        // also be provided by the user of the component.
        getItems:
          props
            .getItems ||
          ((keys) => {
            return [
              ...keys
            ].map(
              (key) => {
                let item =
                  state
                    .collection
                    .getItem(
                      key
                    );

                return {
                  'text/plain':
                    item
                      .textValue
                };
              }
            );
          })
      }
    );

  useDraggableCollection(
    props,
    dragState,
    ref
  );
  return (
    <ul
      {...mergeProps(
        listBoxProps,
        collectionProps
      )}
      ref={ref}
    >
      {[
        ...state
          .collection
      ].map((item) => (
        <ReorderableOption
          key={item.key}
          item={item}
          state={state}
          dragState={dragState}
          dropState={dropState}
        />
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

function ReorderableOption(
  {
    item,
    state,
    dragState,
    dropState
  }
) {
  // ...

  // Register the item as a drag source.
  let { dragProps } =
    useDraggableItem({
      key: item.key
    }, dragState);
  return (
    <>
      <DropIndicator
        target={{
          type: 'item',
          key: item.key,
          dropPosition:
            'before'
        }}
        dropState={dropState}
      />
      <li
        ...mergeProps(
          optionProps,
          dragProps,
          dropProps,
          focusProps
        )}        ref={ref}
        className={`option ${
          isFocusVisible
            ? 'focus-visible'
            : ''
        } ${
          isDropTarget
            ? 'drop-target'
            : ''
        }`}
      >
        {item.rendered}
      </li>
      {state.collection
            .getKeyAfter(
              item.key
            ) == null &&
        (
          <DropIndicator
            target={{
              type:
                'item',
              key:
                item.key,
              dropPosition:
                'after'
            }}
            dropState={dropState}
          />
        )}
    </>
  );
}

Now, we can render an example ListBox, which allows the user to reorder items. The onReorder event is triggered when the user drops dragged items which originated within the same collection. As above, useListData is used to manage the list items in this example, but it is not a requirement.

import {useListData} from 'react-stately';

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({
    initialItems: [
      { id: 1, name: 'Cat' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Dog' },
      { id: 3, name: 'Kangaroo' },
      { id: 4, name: 'Panda' },
      { id: 5, name: 'Snake' }
    ]
  });

  let onReorder = (e) => {
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.moveBefore(e.target.key, e.keys);
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.moveAfter(e.target.key, e.keys);
    }
  };

  return (
    <ReorderableListBox
      aria-label="Favorite animals"
      selectionMode="multiple"
      selectionBehavior="replace"
      items={list.items}
      onReorder={onReorder}    >
      {(item) => <Item>{item.name}</Item>}
    </ReorderableListBox>
  );
}

import {useListData} from 'react-stately';

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({
    initialItems: [
      { id: 1, name: 'Cat' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Dog' },
      { id: 3, name: 'Kangaroo' },
      { id: 4, name: 'Panda' },
      { id: 5, name: 'Snake' }
    ]
  });

  let onReorder = (e) => {
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.moveBefore(e.target.key, e.keys);
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.moveAfter(e.target.key, e.keys);
    }
  };

  return (
    <ReorderableListBox
      aria-label="Favorite animals"
      selectionMode="multiple"
      selectionBehavior="replace"
      items={list.items}
      onReorder={onReorder}    >
      {(item) => <Item>{item.name}</Item>}
    </ReorderableListBox>
  );
}

import {useListData} from 'react-stately';

function Example() {
  let list = useListData(
    {
      initialItems: [
        {
          id: 1,
          name: 'Cat'
        },
        {
          id: 2,
          name: 'Dog'
        },
        {
          id: 3,
          name:
            'Kangaroo'
        },
        {
          id: 4,
          name: 'Panda'
        },
        {
          id: 5,
          name: 'Snake'
        }
      ]
    }
  );

  let onReorder =
    (e) => {
      if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'before'
      ) {
        list.moveBefore(
          e.target.key,
          e.keys
        );
      } else if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'after'
      ) {
        list.moveAfter(
          e.target.key,
          e.keys
        );
      }
    };

  return (
    <ReorderableListBox
      aria-label="Favorite animals"
      selectionMode="multiple"
      selectionBehavior="replace"
      items={list.items}
      onReorder={onReorder}    >
      {(item) => (
        <Item>
          {item.name}
        </Item>
      )}
    </ReorderableListBox>
  );
}

Drop data#

useDroppableCollection allows users to drop one or more drag items, each of which contains data to be transferred from the drag source to drop target. There are three kinds of drag items:

• text – represents data inline as a string in one or more formats
• file – references a file on the user's device
• directory – references the contents of a directory

Text#

A TextDropItem represents textual data in one or more different formats. These may be either standard mime types or custom app-specific formats. Representing data in multiple formats allows drop targets both within and outside an application to choose data in a format that they understand. For example, a complex object may be serialized in a custom format for use within an application, with fallbacks in plain text and/or rich HTML that can be used when a user drops data from an external application.

The example below uses the acceptedDragTypes prop to accept items that include a custom app-specific type, which is retrieved using the item's getText method. The same draggable component as used in the above example is used here, but rather than displaying the plain text representation, the custom format is used instead. When acceptedDragTypes is specified, the dropped items are filtered to include only items that include the accepted types.

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({
    initialItems: [
      {id: 1, name: 'Cat'},
      {id: 2, name: 'Dog'},
      {id: 3, name: 'Kangaroo'}
    ]
  });

  let onInsert = async e => {
    let value = JSON.parse(await e.items[0].getText('my-app-custom-type'));
    let item = {id: list.items.length + 1, name: value.message};
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.insertBefore(e.target.key, item);
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.insertAfter(e.target.key, item);
    }
  };

  return (
    <>
      <Draggable>Octopus</Draggable>
      <ListBox
        aria-label="Favorite animals"
        selectionMode="single"
        items={list.items}
        acceptedDragTypes={['my-app-custom-type']}        onInsert={onInsert}>
        {item => <Item>{item.name}</Item>}
      </ListBox>
    </>
  );
}

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({
    initialItems: [
      { id: 1, name: 'Cat' },
      { id: 2, name: 'Dog' },
      { id: 3, name: 'Kangaroo' }
    ]
  });

  let onInsert = async (e) => {
    let value = JSON.parse(
      await e.items[0].getText('my-app-custom-type')
    );
    let item = {
      id: list.items.length + 1,
      name: value.message
    };
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.insertBefore(e.target.key, item);
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.insertAfter(e.target.key, item);
    }
  };

  return (
    <>
      <Draggable>Octopus</Draggable>
      <ListBox
        aria-label="Favorite animals"
        selectionMode="single"
        items={list.items}
        acceptedDragTypes={['my-app-custom-type']}        onInsert={onInsert}
      >
        {(item) => <Item>{item.name}</Item>}
      </ListBox>
    </>
  );
}

function Example() {
  let list = useListData(
    {
      initialItems: [
        {
          id: 1,
          name: 'Cat'
        },
        {
          id: 2,
          name: 'Dog'
        },
        {
          id: 3,
          name:
            'Kangaroo'
        }
      ]
    }
  );

  let onInsert =
    async (e) => {
      let value = JSON
        .parse(
          await e
            .items[0]
            .getText(
              'my-app-custom-type'
            )
        );
      let item = {
        id:
          list.items
            .length + 1,
        name:
          value.message
      };
      if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'before'
      ) {
        list
          .insertBefore(
            e.target.key,
            item
          );
      } else if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'after'
      ) {
        list.insertAfter(
          e.target.key,
          item
        );
      }
    };

  return (
    <>
      <Draggable>
        Octopus
      </Draggable>
      <ListBox
        aria-label="Favorite animals"
        selectionMode="single"
        items={list
          .items}
        acceptedDragTypes={[
          'my-app-custom-type'
        ]}        onInsert={onInsert}
      >
        {(item) => (
          <Item>
            {item.name}
          </Item>
        )}
      </ListBox>
    </>
  );
}

Files#

A FileDropItem references a file on the user's device. It includes the name and mime type of the file, and methods to read the contents as plain text, or retrieve a native File object which can be attached to form data for uploading.

This example accepts JPEG and PNG image files, and renders them by creating a local object URL. When the list is empty, you can drop on the whole collection, and otherwise items can be inserted.

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({});
  let getItems = e => {
    return Promise.all(
      e.items.map(async item => ({
        id: Math.random(),
        url: URL.createObjectURL(await item.getFile()),
        name: item.name
      }))
    );  };

  let onRootDrop = async e => {
    list.prepend(...await getItems(e));
  };

  let onInsert = async e => {
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.insertBefore(e.target.key, ...await getItems(e));
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.insertAfter(e.target.key, ...await getItems(e));
    }
  };

  return (
    <ListBox
      aria-label="Images"
      items={list.items}
      acceptedDragTypes={['image/jpeg', 'image/png']}      onRootDrop={onRootDrop}
      onInsert={onInsert}>
      {item => (
        <Item>
          <div className="image-item">
            <img src={item.url} />
            <span>{item.name}</span>
          </div>
        </Item>
      )}
    </ListBox>
  );
}

function Example() {
  let list = useListData({});
  let getItems = e => {
    return Promise.all(
      e.items.map(async item => ({
        id: Math.random(),
        url: URL.createObjectURL(await item.getFile()),
        name: item.name
      }))
    );  };

  let onRootDrop = async e => {
    list.prepend(...await getItems(e));
  };

  let onInsert = async e => {
    if (e.target.dropPosition === 'before') {
      list.insertBefore(e.target.key, ...await getItems(e));
    } else if (e.target.dropPosition === 'after') {
      list.insertAfter(e.target.key, ...await getItems(e));
    }
  };

  return (
    <ListBox
      aria-label="Images"
      items={list.items}
      acceptedDragTypes={['image/jpeg', 'image/png']}      onRootDrop={onRootDrop}
      onInsert={onInsert}>
      {item => (
        <Item>
          <div className="image-item">
            <img src={item.url} />
            <span>{item.name}</span>
          </div>
        </Item>
      )}
    </ListBox>
  );
}

function Example() {
  let list = useListData(
    {}
  );
  let getItems = (e) => {
    return Promise.all(
      e.items.map(
        async (item) => ({
          id: Math
            .random(),
          url: URL
            .createObjectURL(
              await item
                .getFile()
            ),
          name: item.name
        })
      )
    );  };

  let onRootDrop =
    async (e) => {
      list.prepend(
        ...await getItems(
          e
        )
      );
    };

  let onInsert =
    async (e) => {
      if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'before'
      ) {
        list
          .insertBefore(
            e.target.key,
            ...await getItems(
              e
            )
          );
      } else if (
        e.target
          .dropPosition ===
          'after'
      ) {
        list.insertAfter(
          e.target.key,
          ...await getItems(
            e
          )
        );
      }
    };

  return (
    <ListBox
      aria-label="Images"
      items={list.items}
      acceptedDragTypes={[
        'image/jpeg',
        'image/png'
      ]}      onRootDrop={onRootDrop}
      onInsert={onInsert}
    >
      {(item) => (
        <Item>
          <div className="image-item">
            <img
              src={item
                .url}
            />
            <span>
              {item.name}
            </span>
          </div>
        </Item>
      )}
    </ListBox>
  );
}

.image-item {
  display: flex;
  height: 50px;
  gap: 10px;
}

.image-item img {
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.image-item span {
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.image-item {
  display: flex;
  height: 50px;
  gap: 10px;
}

.image-item img {
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.image-item span {
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.image-item {
  display: flex;
  height: 50px;
  gap: 10px;
}

.image-item img {
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.image-item span {
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

Directories#

A DirectoryDropItem references the contents of a directory on the user's device. It includes the name of the directory, as well as a method to iterate through the files and folders within the directory. The contents of any folders within the directory can be accessed recursively.

The getEntries method returns an async iterable object, which can be used in a for await...of loop. This provides each item in the directory as either a FileDropItem or DirectoryDropItem, and you can access the contents of each file as discussed above.

This example accepts directory drops over the whole collection, and renders the contents as items in the list. DIRECTORY_DRAG_TYPE is imported from @react-aria/dnd and included in the acceptedDragTypes prop to limit the accepted items to only directories.

import {DIRECTORY_DRAG_TYPE} from 'react-aria';
import File from '@spectrum-icons/workflow/FileTxt';
import Folder from '@spectrum-icons/workflow/Folder';

function Example() {
  let [files, setFiles] = React.useState([]);
  let onRootDrop = async (e) => {
    // Read entries in directory and update state with relevant info.
    let files = [];
    for await (let entry of e.items[0].getEntries()) {
      files.push({
        name: entry.name,
        kind: entry.kind
      });
    }
    setFiles(files);  };

  return (
    <ListBox
      aria-label="Directory contents"
      items={files}
      acceptedDragTypes={[DIRECTORY_DRAG_TYPE]}      onRootDrop={onRootDrop}
    >
      {(item) => (
        <Item key={item.name}>
          <div className="dir-item">
            {item.kind === 'directory' ? <Folder /> : <File />}
            <span>{item.name}</span>
          </div>
        </Item>
      )}
    </ListBox>
  );
}

import {DIRECTORY_DRAG_TYPE} from 'react-aria';
import File from '@spectrum-icons/workflow/FileTxt';
import Folder from '@spectrum-icons/workflow/Folder';

function Example() {
  let [files, setFiles] = React.useState([]);
  let onRootDrop = async (e) => {
    // Read entries in directory and update state with relevant info.
    let files = [];
    for await (let entry of e.items[0].getEntries()) {
      files.push({
        name: entry.name,
        kind: entry.kind
      });
    }
    setFiles(files);  };

  return (
    <ListBox
      aria-label="Directory contents"
      items={files}
      acceptedDragTypes={[DIRECTORY_DRAG_TYPE]}      onRootDrop={onRootDrop}
    >
      {(item) => (
        <Item key={item.name}>
          <div className="dir-item">
            {item.kind === 'directory'
              ? <Folder />
              : <File />}
            <span>{item.name}</span>
          </div>
        </Item>
      )}
    </ListBox>
  );
}