useBreadcrumbs

Provides the behavior and accessibility implementation for a breadcrumbs component. Breadcrumbs display a heirarchy of links to the current page or resource in an application.

install	`yarn add @react-aria/breadcrumbs`
version	3.1.5
usage	`import {useBreadcrumbs, useBreadcrumbItem} from '@react-aria/breadcrumbs'`

View ARIA spec

W3C

API#

useBreadcrumbs<T>(
  (props: AriaBreadcrumbsProps<T>
)): BreadcrumbsAria

useBreadcrumbItem(
  (props: AriaBreadcrumbItemProps,
  , ref: RefObject<HTMLElement>
)): BreadcrumbItemAria

Features#

Breadcrumbs provide a list of links to parent pages of the current page in heirarchical order. useBreadcrumbs and useBreadcrumbItem help implement these in an accessible way.

Support for mouse, touch, and keyboard interactions on breadcrumbs
Support for navigation links via <a> elements or custom element types via ARIA
Localized ARIA labeling support for landmark navigation region
Support for disabled breadcrumbs
Support for breadcrumbs as a heading

Anatomy#

Breadcrumbs consist of a navigation landmark element and a list of links, typically with a visual separator icon between each item. The last link represents the current page in the hierarchy, with the previous links representing the parent pages of the current page. Each of these parent links can be clicked, tapped, or triggered via the Enter key to navigate to that page. Optionally, breadcrumbs can be used in place of a page title, in which case the last breadcrumb acts as a heading.

useBreadcrumbs returns props to be spread onto the navigation element:

Name	Type	Description
`navProps`	`HTMLAttributes<HTMLElement>`	Props for the breadcrumbs navigation element.

useBreadcrumbItem returns props to spread onto the individual breadcrumb links:

Name	Type	Description
`itemProps`	`HTMLAttributes<HTMLElement>`	Props for the breadcrumb item link element.

Example#

This example displays a basic list of breadcrumbs using an HTML <nav> element, and a <ol> for the list of links. Each link is a span because we are handling the interactions locally via onPress. useBreadcrumbItem automatically handles exposing these spans as links to assistive technology.

The chevrons between each link are rendered using a span with aria-hidden="true" so that screen readers do not pick them up. You could also render them similarly using SVG icons, CSS :after, or other techniques.

The last link is non-interactive since it represents the current page. This is passed to the last breadcrumb item by cloning the element and adding the isCurrent prop.

function Breadcrumbs(props) {
  let {navProps} = useBreadcrumbs(props);
  let children = React.Children.toArray(props.children);

  return (
    <nav {...navProps}>
      <ol style={{display: 'flex', listStyle: 'none', margin: 0, padding: 0}}>
        {children.map((child, i) =>
          React.cloneElement(child, {isCurrent: i === children.length - 1})
        )}
      </ol>
    </nav>
  );
}

function BreadcrumbItem(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {itemProps} = useBreadcrumbItem({...props, elementType: 'span'}, ref);
  return (
    <li>
      <span
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        style={{
          color: 'var(--blue)',
          textDecoration: props.isCurrent ? null : 'underline',
          fontWeight: props.isCurrent ? 'bold' : null,
          cursor: props.isCurrent ? 'default' : 'pointer'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </span>
      {!props.isCurrent && (
        <span aria-hidden="true" style={{padding: '0 5px'}}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      )}
    </li>
  );
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem onPress={() => alert('Pressed Folder 1')}>
    Folder 1
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem onPress={() => alert('Pressed Folder 2')}>
    Folder 2
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>Folder 3</BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

function Breadcrumbs(props) {
  let {navProps} = useBreadcrumbs(props);
  let children = React.Children.toArray(props.children);

  return (
    <nav {...navProps}>
      <ol
        style={{
          display: 'flex',
          listStyle: 'none',
          margin: 0,
          padding: 0
        }}>
        {children.map((child, i) =>
          React.cloneElement(child, {
            isCurrent: i === children.length - 1
          })
        )}
      </ol>
    </nav>
  );
}

function BreadcrumbItem(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {itemProps} = useBreadcrumbItem(
    {...props, elementType: 'span'},
    ref
  );
  return (
    <li>
      <span
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        style={{
          color: 'var(--blue)',
          textDecoration: props.isCurrent
            ? null
            : 'underline',
          fontWeight: props.isCurrent ? 'bold' : null,
          cursor: props.isCurrent ? 'default' : 'pointer'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </span>
      {!props.isCurrent && (
        <span aria-hidden="true" style={{padding: '0 5px'}}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      )}
    </li>
  );
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem
    onPress={() => alert('Pressed Folder 1')}>
    Folder 1
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem
    onPress={() => alert('Pressed Folder 2')}>
    Folder 2
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>Folder 3</BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

function Breadcrumbs(
  props
) {
  let {
    navProps
  } = useBreadcrumbs(
    props
  );
  let children = React.Children.toArray(
    props.children
  );

  return (
    <nav {...navProps}>
      <ol
        style={{
          display:
            'flex',
          listStyle:
            'none',
          margin: 0,
          padding: 0
        }}>
        {children.map(
          (child, i) =>
            React.cloneElement(
              child,
              {
                isCurrent:
                  i ===
                  children.length -
                    1
              }
            )
        )}
      </ol>
    </nav>
  );
}

function BreadcrumbItem(
  props
) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {
    itemProps
  } = useBreadcrumbItem(
    {
      ...props,
      elementType: 'span'
    },
    ref
  );
  return (
    <li>
      <span
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        style={{
          color:
            'var(--blue)',
          textDecoration: props.isCurrent
            ? null
            : 'underline',
          fontWeight: props.isCurrent
            ? 'bold'
            : null,
          cursor: props.isCurrent
            ? 'default'
            : 'pointer'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </span>
      {!props.isCurrent && (
        <span
          aria-hidden="true"
          style={{
            padding:
              '0 5px'
          }}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      )}
    </li>
  );
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem
    onPress={() =>
      alert(
        'Pressed Folder 1'
      )
    }>
    Folder 1
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem
    onPress={() =>
      alert(
        'Pressed Folder 2'
      )
    }>
    Folder 2
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>
    Folder 3
  </BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

This example is similar to the previous one, except the individual breadcrumbs are native navigation links to other pages rather than handled by JavaScript.

function Breadcrumbs(props) {
  // Same as in the previous example...
}

function BreadcrumbItem(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {itemProps} = useBreadcrumbItem(props, ref);
  return (
    <li>
      <a
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        href={props.href}
        style={{
          color: 'var(--blue)',
          fontWeight: props.isCurrent ? 'bold' : null,
          cursor: props.isCurrent ? 'default' : 'pointer'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </a>
      {!props.isCurrent && (
        <span aria-hidden="true" style={{padding: '0 5px'}}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      )}
    </li>
  );
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/">Home</BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/react-aria">React Aria</BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>useBreadcrumbs</BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

function Breadcrumbs(props) {
  // Same as in the previous example...
}

function BreadcrumbItem(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {itemProps} = useBreadcrumbItem(props, ref);
  return (
    <li>
      <a
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        href={props.href}
        style={{
          color: 'var(--blue)',
          fontWeight: props.isCurrent ? 'bold' : null,
          cursor: props.isCurrent ? 'default' : 'pointer'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </a>
      {!props.isCurrent && (
        <span aria-hidden="true" style={{padding: '0 5px'}}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      )}
    </li>
  );
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/">Home</BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/react-aria">
    React Aria
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>useBreadcrumbs</BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

function Breadcrumbs(
  props
) {
  // Same as in the previous example...
}

function BreadcrumbItem(
  props
) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {
    itemProps
  } = useBreadcrumbItem(
    props,
    ref
  );
  return (
    <li>
      <a
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        href={props.href}
        style={{
          color:
            'var(--blue)',
          fontWeight: props.isCurrent
            ? 'bold'
            : null,
          cursor: props.isCurrent
            ? 'default'
            : 'pointer'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </a>
      {!props.isCurrent && (
        <span
          aria-hidden="true"
          style={{
            padding:
              '0 5px'
          }}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      )}
    </li>
  );
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/">
    Home
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/react-aria">
    React Aria
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>
    useBreadcrumbs
  </BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

Breadcrumbs as a heading#

If you use breadcrumbs in the context where a heading would normally be used, you should make sure that the proper elementType for each breadcrumb is communicated to useBreadcrumbItem so that you receive the correct breadcrumbItemProps to spread on your breadcrumb. This can be seen in the example below where we specify that the last breadcrumb has elementType h3 and all other breadcrumbs are of type a.

function Breadcrumbs(props) {
  let {navProps} = useBreadcrumbs(props);
  let children = React.Children.toArray(props.children);

  return (
    <nav {...navProps}>
      <ol style={{display: 'flex', listStyle: 'none', margin: 0, padding: 0}}>
        {children.map((child, i) =>
          React.cloneElement(child, {
            isCurrent: i === children.length - 1,
            elementType: i === children.length - 1 ? 'h3' : 'a'
          })
        )}
      </ol>
    </nav>
  );
}

function BreadcrumbItem(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {itemProps} = useBreadcrumbItem(props, ref);
  let breadcrumbContent;
  if (props.isCurrent) {
    breadcrumbContent = (
      <h3
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        style={{
          margin: 0,
          fontSize: '1em',
          color: 'var(--blue)'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </h3>
    );
  } else {
    breadcrumbContent = (
      <>
        <a
          {...itemProps}
          ref={ref}
          href={props.href}
          style={{
            color: props.isDisabled ? 'var(--gray)' : 'var(--blue)',
            fontWeight: props.isCurrent ? 'bold' : null,
            cursor: props.isCurrent ? 'default' : 'pointer'
          }}>
          {props.children}
        </a>
        <span aria-hidden="true" style={{padding: '0 5px'}}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      </>
    );
  }

  return <li>{breadcrumbContent}</li>;
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/">Home</BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/react-aria">React Aria</BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>useBreadcrumbs</BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

function Breadcrumbs(props) {
  let {navProps} = useBreadcrumbs(props);
  let children = React.Children.toArray(props.children);

  return (
    <nav {...navProps}>
      <ol
        style={{
          display: 'flex',
          listStyle: 'none',
          margin: 0,
          padding: 0
        }}>
        {children.map((child, i) =>
          React.cloneElement(child, {
            isCurrent: i === children.length - 1,
            elementType:
              i === children.length - 1 ? 'h3' : 'a'
          })
        )}
      </ol>
    </nav>
  );
}

function BreadcrumbItem(props) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {itemProps} = useBreadcrumbItem(props, ref);
  let breadcrumbContent;
  if (props.isCurrent) {
    breadcrumbContent = (
      <h3
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        style={{
          margin: 0,
          fontSize: '1em',
          color: 'var(--blue)'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </h3>
    );
  } else {
    breadcrumbContent = (
      <>
        <a
          {...itemProps}
          ref={ref}
          href={props.href}
          style={{
            color: props.isDisabled
              ? 'var(--gray)'
              : 'var(--blue)',
            fontWeight: props.isCurrent ? 'bold' : null,
            cursor: props.isCurrent ? 'default' : 'pointer'
          }}>
          {props.children}
        </a>
        <span aria-hidden="true" style={{padding: '0 5px'}}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      </>
    );
  }

  return <li>{breadcrumbContent}</li>;
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/">Home</BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/react-aria">
    React Aria
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>useBreadcrumbs</BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

function Breadcrumbs(
  props
) {
  let {
    navProps
  } = useBreadcrumbs(
    props
  );
  let children = React.Children.toArray(
    props.children
  );

  return (
    <nav {...navProps}>
      <ol
        style={{
          display:
            'flex',
          listStyle:
            'none',
          margin: 0,
          padding: 0
        }}>
        {children.map(
          (child, i) =>
            React.cloneElement(
              child,
              {
                isCurrent:
                  i ===
                  children.length -
                    1,
                elementType:
                  i ===
                  children.length -
                    1
                    ? 'h3'
                    : 'a'
              }
            )
        )}
      </ol>
    </nav>
  );
}

function BreadcrumbItem(
  props
) {
  let ref = React.useRef();
  let {
    itemProps
  } = useBreadcrumbItem(
    props,
    ref
  );
  let breadcrumbContent;
  if (props.isCurrent) {
    breadcrumbContent = (
      <h3
        {...itemProps}
        ref={ref}
        style={{
          margin: 0,
          fontSize:
            '1em',
          color:
            'var(--blue)'
        }}>
        {props.children}
      </h3>
    );
  } else {
    breadcrumbContent = (
      <>
        <a
          {...itemProps}
          ref={ref}
          href={
            props.href
          }
          style={{
            color: props.isDisabled
              ? 'var(--gray)'
              : 'var(--blue)',
            fontWeight: props.isCurrent
              ? 'bold'
              : null,
            cursor: props.isCurrent
              ? 'default'
              : 'pointer'
          }}>
          {
            props.children
          }
        </a>
        <span
          aria-hidden="true"
          style={{
            padding:
              '0 5px'
          }}>
          {'›'}
        </span>
      </>
    );
  }

  return (
    <li>
      {breadcrumbContent}
    </li>
  );
}

<Breadcrumbs>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/">
    Home
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem href="/react-aria">
    React Aria
  </BreadcrumbItem>
  <BreadcrumbItem>
    useBreadcrumbs
  </BreadcrumbItem>
</Breadcrumbs>

Name	Type	Description
`children`	`ReactElement<ItemProps<T>> \| ReactElement<ItemProps<T>>[]`	The breadcrumb items.
`isDisabled`	`boolean`	Whether the Breadcrumbs are disabled.
`onAction`	`( (key: Key )) => void`	Called when an item is acted upon (usually selection via press).
`id`	`string`	The element's unique identifier. See MDN.
`aria-label`	`string`	Defines a string value that labels the current element.
`aria-labelledby`	`string`	Identifies the element (or elements) that labels the current element.
`aria-describedby`	`string`	Identifies the element (or elements) that describes the object.
`aria-details`	`string`	Identifies the element (or elements) that provide a detailed, extended description for the object.

Name	Type	Description
`children`	`ReactNode`	Rendered contents of the item or child items.
`title`	`ReactNode`	Rendered contents of the item if `children` contains child items.
`textValue`	`string`	A string representation of the item's contents, used for features like typeahead.
`aria-label`	`string`	An accessibility label for this item.
`childItems`	`Iterable<T>`	A list of child item objects. Used for dynamic collections.
`hasChildItems`	`boolean`	Whether this item has children, even if not loaded yet.

Name	Type	Description
`navProps`	`HTMLAttributes<HTMLElement>`	Props for the breadcrumbs navigation element.

Name	Type	Default	Description
`children`	`ReactNode`	—	The contents of the breadcrumb item.
`elementType`	`string`	`'a'`	The HTML element used to render the breadcrumb link, e.g. 'a', or 'span'.
`isCurrent`	`boolean`	—	Whether the breadcrumb item represents the current page.
`aria-current`	`'page' \| 'step' \| 'location' \| 'date' \| 'time' \| boolean \| 'true' \| 'false'`	`'page'`	The type of current location the breadcrumb item represents, if `isCurrent` is true.
`isDisabled`	`boolean`	—	Whether the breadcrumb item is disabled.
`onPress`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when the press is released over the target.
`onPressStart`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a press interaction starts.
`onPressEnd`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a press interaction ends, either over the target or when the pointer leaves the target.
`onPressChange`	`( (isPressed: boolean )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when the press state changes.
`onPressUp`	`( (e: PressEvent )) => void`	—	Handler that is called when a press is released over the target, regardless of whether it started on the target or not.
`id`	`string`	—	The element's unique identifier. See MDN.

Name	Type	Description
`type`	`'pressstart' \| 'pressend' \| 'pressup' \| 'press'`	The type of press event being fired.
`pointerType`	`PointerType`	The pointer type that triggered the press event.
`target`	`HTMLElement`	The target element of the press event.
`shiftKey`	`boolean`	Whether the shift keyboard modifier was held during the press event.
`ctrlKey`	`boolean`	Whether the ctrl keyboard modifier was held during the press event.
`metaKey`	`boolean`	Whether the meta keyboard modifier was held during the press event.
`altKey`	`boolean`	Whether the alt keyboard modifier was held during the press event.

'mouse'
  | 'pen'
  | 'touch'
  | 'keyboard'
  | 'virtual'