TextField

A text field allows a user to enter a plain text value with a keyboard.

Example#

import {TextField, Label, Input} from 'react-aria-components';

<TextField>
  <Label>First name</Label>
  <Input />
</TextField>

import {
  Input,
  Label,
  TextField
} from 'react-aria-components';

<TextField>
  <Label>First name</Label>
  <Input />
</TextField>

import {
  Input,
  Label,
  TextField
} from 'react-aria-components';

<TextField>
  <Label>
    First name
  </Label>
  <Input />
</TextField>

.react-aria-TextField {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: fit-content;

  & input {
    padding: 4px;
    margin: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--spectrum-global-color-gray-400);
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: var(--spectrum-global-color-gray-50);
    font-size: 16px;

    &[aria-invalid] {
      border-color: var(--spectrum-global-color-red-600);
    }

    &:focus {
      outline: none;
      border-color: slateblue;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px slateblue;
    }

    &:disabled {
      opacity: 0.4;
    }
  }

  & [slot=description] {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  & [slot=errorMessage] {
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--spectrum-global-color-red-600);
  }
}

.react-aria-TextField {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: fit-content;

  & input {
    padding: 4px;
    margin: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--spectrum-global-color-gray-400);
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: var(--spectrum-global-color-gray-50);
    font-size: 16px;

    &[aria-invalid] {
      border-color: var(--spectrum-global-color-red-600);
    }

    &:focus {
      outline: none;
      border-color: slateblue;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px slateblue;
    }

    &:disabled {
      opacity: 0.4;
    }
  }

  & [slot=description] {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  & [slot=errorMessage] {
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--spectrum-global-color-red-600);
  }
}

.react-aria-TextField {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: fit-content;

  & input {
    padding: 4px;
    margin: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--spectrum-global-color-gray-400);
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: var(--spectrum-global-color-gray-50);
    font-size: 16px;

    &[aria-invalid] {
      border-color: var(--spectrum-global-color-red-600);
    }

    &:focus {
      outline: none;
      border-color: slateblue;
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px slateblue;
    }

    &:disabled {
      opacity: 0.4;
    }
  }

  & [slot=description] {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  & [slot=errorMessage] {
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--spectrum-global-color-red-600);
  }
}

Features#

Text fields can be built with <input> or <textarea> and <label> elements, but you must manually ensure that they are semantically connected via ids for accessibility. TextField helps automate this, and handle other accessibility features while allowing for custom styling.

• Accessible – Uses a native <input> element. Label, description, and error message elements are automatically associated with the field.
• Custom validation – Required and invalid states are exposed to assistive technology via ARIA.

Anatomy#

Text fields consist of an input element and a label. TextField automatically manages the relationship between the two elements using the for attribute on the <label> element and the aria-labelledby attribute on the <input> element.

TextField also supports optional description and error message elements, which can be used to provide more context about the field, and any validation messages. These are linked with the input via the aria-describedby attribute.

If there is no visual label, an aria-label or aria-labelledby prop must be passed instead to identify the element to screen readers.

Composed components#

A TextField uses the following components, which may also be used standalone or reused in other components.

Props#

TextField#

Label#

A <Label> accepts all HTML attributes.

Input#

An <Input> accepts all HTML attributes.

Text#

<Text> accepts all HTML attributes.

Styling#

React Aria components can be styled in many ways, including using CSS classes, inline styles, utility classes (e.g. Tailwind), CSS-in-JS (e.g. Styled Components), etc. By default, all components include a builtin className attribute which can be targeted using CSS selectors. These follow the react-aria-ComponentName naming convention.

.react-aria-TextField {
  /* ... */
}

.react-aria-TextField {
  /* ... */
}

.react-aria-TextField {
  /* ... */
}

A custom className can also be specified on any component. This overrides the default className provided by React Aria with your own.

<TextField className="my-textfield">
  {/* ... */}
</TextField>

<TextField className="my-textfield">
  {/* ... */}
</TextField>

<TextField className="my-textfield">
  {/* ... */}
</TextField>;

In addition, some components support multiple UI states (e.g. focused, placeholder, readonly, etc.). React Aria components expose states using DOM attributes, which you can target in CSS selectors. These are ARIA attributes wherever possible, or data attributes when a relevant ARIA attribute does not exist. For example:

input[aria-invalid] {
  /* ... */
}

input[aria-readonly] {
  /* ... */
}

input[aria-invalid] {
  /* ... */
}

input[aria-readonly] {
  /* ... */
}

input[aria-invalid] {
  /* ... */
}

input[aria-readonly] {
  /* ... */
}

The states, selectors, and render props for each component used in a TextField are documented below.

TextField#

A TextField can be targeted with the .react-aria-TextField CSS selector, or by overriding with a custom className.

Label#

A Label can be targeted with the .react-aria-Label CSS selector, or by overriding with a custom className.

Input#

An Input can be targeted with the input CSS selector, or by adding a custom className.

Text#

The help text elements within a TextField can be targeted with the [slot=description] and [slot=errorMessage] CSS selectors, or by adding a custom className.

Reusable wrappers#

If you will use a TextField in multiple places in your app, you can wrap all of the pieces into a reusable component. This way, the DOM structure, styling code, and other logic are defined in a single place and reused everywhere to ensure consistency.

This example wraps TextField and all of its children together into a single component which accepts a label prop, which is passed to the right place. It also shows how to use the description and errorMessage slots to render help text (see below for details).

import {Text} from 'react-aria-components';

function MyTextField({label, description, errorMessage, ...props}) {
  return (
    <TextField {...props}>
      <Label>{label}</Label>
      <Input />
      {description && <Text slot="description">{description}</Text>}
      {errorMessage && <Text slot="errorMessage">{errorMessage}</Text>}
    </TextField>
  );
}

<MyTextField label="Name" />

import {Text} from 'react-aria-components';

function MyTextField(
  { label, description, errorMessage, ...props }
) {
  return (
    <TextField {...props}>
      <Label>{label}</Label>
      <Input />
      {description && (
        <Text slot="description">{description}</Text>
      )}
      {errorMessage && (
        <Text slot="errorMessage">{errorMessage}</Text>
      )}
    </TextField>
  );
}

<MyTextField label="Name" />

import {Text} from 'react-aria-components';

function MyTextField(
  {
    label,
    description,
    errorMessage,
    ...props
  }
) {
  return (
    <TextField
      {...props}
    >
      <Label>
        {label}
      </Label>
      <Input />
      {description && (
        <Text slot="description">
          {description}
        </Text>
      )}
      {errorMessage && (
        <Text slot="errorMessage">
          {errorMessage}
        </Text>
      )}
    </TextField>
  );
}

<MyTextField label="Name" />

Usage#

The following examples show how to use the MyTextField component created in the above example.

Default value#

A TextField's value is empty by default, but an initial, uncontrolled, value can be provided using the defaultValue prop.

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  defaultValue="me@email.com" />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  defaultValue="me@email.com" />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  defaultValue="me@email.com"
/>

Controlled value#

The value prop can be used to make the value controlled. The onChange event is fired when the user edits the text, and receives the new value.

function Example() {
  let [text, setText] = React.useState();

  return (
    <>
      <MyTextField label="Your text" onChange={setText} />
      <p>Mirrored text: {text}</p>
    </>
  );
}

function Example() {
  let [text, setText] = React.useState();

  return (
    <>
      <MyTextField label="Your text" onChange={setText} />
      <p>Mirrored text: {text}</p>
    </>
  );
}

function Example() {
  let [text, setText] =
    React.useState();

  return (
    <>
      <MyTextField
        label="Your text"
        onChange={setText}
      />
      <p>
        Mirrored text:
        {' '}
        {text}
      </p>
    </>
  );
}

Description#

The description slot can be used to associate additional help text with a text field.

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  description="Enter an email for us to contact you about your order."
/>

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  description="Enter an email for us to contact you about your order."
/>

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  description="Enter an email for us to contact you about your order."
/>

Error message#

The errorMessage slot can be used to help the user fix a validation error. It should be combined with the validationState prop to semantically mark the input element as invalid for assistive technologies.

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  validationState="invalid"
  errorMessage="Please enter a valid email address." />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  validationState="invalid"
  errorMessage="Please enter a valid email address." />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  validationState="invalid"
  errorMessage="Please enter a valid email address."
/>

Disabled#

A TextField can be disabled using the isDisabled prop.

<MyTextField label="Email" isDisabled />

<MyTextField label="Email" isDisabled />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  isDisabled
/>

Read only#

The isReadOnly boolean prop makes the TextField's text content immutable. Unlike isDisabled, the TextField remains focusable and the contents can still be copied. See the MDN docs for more information.

<MyTextField label="Email" defaultValue="abc@adobe.com" isReadOnly />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  defaultValue="abc@adobe.com"
  isReadOnly
/>

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  defaultValue="abc@adobe.com"
  isReadOnly
/>

Required#

A TextField can be marked as required using the isRequired prop. This is exposed to assistive technologies by React Aria. It's your responsibility to add additional visual styling if needed.

<MyTextField label="Email" isRequired />

<MyTextField label="Email" isRequired />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  isRequired
/>

HTML forms#

TextField supports the name prop for integration with HTML forms. In addition, attributes such as type, pattern, inputMode, and others are passed through to the underlying <input> element.

<MyTextField label="Email" name="email" type="email" />

<MyTextField label="Email" name="email" type="email" />

<MyTextField
  label="Email"
  name="email"
  type="email"
/>

Advanced customization#

Composition#

If you need to customize one of the components within a TextField, such as Label or Input, in many cases you can create a wrapper component. This lets you customize the props passed to the component.

function MyInput(props) {
  return <MyInput {...props} className="my-input" />
}

function MyInput(props) {
  return <MyInput {...props} className="my-input" />
}

function MyInput(props) {
  return (
    <MyInput
      {...props}
      className="my-input"
    />
  );
}

Hooks#

If you need to customize things even further, such as accessing internal state or customizing DOM structure, you can drop down to the lower level Hook-based API. See useTextField for more details.